According to the company’s website, it’s the largest crude oil storage and export terminal by volume in the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers gave a green light for Moda Midstream, a Houston oil terminal and logistics company that now owns the land, to expand its existing oil export terminal near the McGloin’s Bluff site. The Port of Corpus Christi Authority declined multiple requests to comment for this story.Įarlier this year, the U.S. Moda Ingleside Energy Center in Ingleside. But most have to piece together their heritage from family oral history, DNA tests and what little documentation exists in historical archives, such as those from Spanish missions. Some families are certain they are Karankawa and say their history and culture have been diligently passed down from generation to generation. “People went into hiding and intermarried because they didn’t want to go extinct.” “We have our oral history, what we have passed down through our family, which is valid,” she said. She is also, according to family oral history, descended from the Lipan Apache. Sanchez, for example, knows from her great grandmother that her ancestors were at the Spanish mission Nuestra Señora de la Bahía del Espíritu Santo de Zúñiga in Goliad, which was established to convert Karankawa people to Christianity in the 1700s. A long history of intense persecution by the Spanish, Anglo Texans and Mexicans forced many Karankawa people to go into hiding, assimilate with Mexican or American culture, or flee to survive. Like many others who claim Karankawa ancestry, Sanchez has had to piece together her identity through family oral history. They are surrounded by the dominant narrative that they don’t exist, a fog so thick and so potent that until relatively recently, some of them believed that they and their immediate family were the last Karankawa descendants. Unlike some Native American tribes, the Karankawa Kadla don’t have tribal lands, treaties, or an official recognition from the state or federal government. “It’s an emotional journey, what we’re going through,” said Sanchez, a 37-year-old woman who grew up in Corpus Christi and co-founded a nonprofit group, the Indigenous Peoples of the Coastal Bend. Most history sources claim that the Karankawa people disappeared from the Texas coast around 1860, although such estimates vary widely. That’s why, on the beach in late August, Love Sanchez and others prayed for a halt to industrial development on the Texas coast where the Karankawa people lived before plagues, wars and colonization came. The result is a new fight in the old battle to defend their history, customs and land. The Mohawk, and the Attacapa, Tonkawa, and other Texas tribes were known to their neighbours as 'man-eaters.'" The forms of cannibalism described included both resorting to human flesh during famines and ritual cannibalism, the latter usually consisting of eating a small portion of an enemy warrior.After finding one another through social media and the internet, they’ve come together just as an oil company is moving to expand its facility on a patch of coastal land in an area where their ancestors lived - and where thousands of Karankawa artifacts still lie. There is also a tradition of the practice among the Hopi, and mentions of the custom among other tribes of New Mexico and Arizona. the Montagnais, and some of the tribes of Maine the Algonkin, Armouchiquois, Iroquois, and Micmac farther west the Assiniboine, Cree, Foxes, Chippewa, Miami, Ottawa, Kickapoo, Illinois, Sioux, and Winnebago in the South the people who built the mounds in Florida, and the Tonkawa, Attacapa, Karankawa, Caddo, and Comanche (?) in the Northwest and West, portions of the continent, the Thlingchadinneh and other Athapascan tribes, the Tlingit, Heiltsuk, Kwakiutl, Tsimshian, Nootka, Siksika, some of the Californian tribes, and the Ute. The 1913 Handbook of Indians of Canada (reprinting 1907 material from the Bureau of American Ethnology), claims that North American natives practicing cannibalism included ". Maybe they were just reading the available anthropological literature:
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